SS-31 (Elamipretide)

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic, mitochondria-targeted cationic tetrapeptide from the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide family, with the amino acid sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (four amino acids). The molecule has an alternating sequence of positively charged and aromatic amino acid residues, which causes it to accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The main mechanism observed in research is selective binding to cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This information is provided for the in vitro scientific context only.

In in vitro models of cells and isolated mitochondria, SS-31 is used to study the electrostatic interaction with cardiolipin and the associated changes in membrane surface charge and lipid bilayer properties. This makes it possible to assess cristae structural stability, mitochondrial bioenergetic processes, oxidative stress markers and protein interactions with the cardiolipin-rich membrane. Peer-reviewed literature (e.g. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025) describes in vitro models in which the compound’s effect on mitochondrial function markers is observed. The data are provided for research context only and are not an instruction for use.

The product is supplied as a lyophilised (freeze-dried) powder of ≥99% purity (HPLC). Each vial contains 10 mg of SS-31 (elamipretide). For laboratory use, the powder is usually diluted with bacteriostatic water (sold separately), letting the solvent run slowly down the side of the vial and swirling gently, without shaking. Amounts and concentrations depend on the specific research protocol.

Keep the unopened vial of dry powder in a refrigerator (2–8 °C), or in a freezer (−20 °C) for longer storage, protected from light. Once reconstituted in bacteriostatic water, keep the solution refrigerated and protected from light, and use it within the time set out in your research protocol. Proper storage helps preserve the integrity of the peptide for reproducible in vitro protocols.

In in vitro research models, SS-31 is most often studied together with cardiolipin-rich mitochondrial membranes and with agents that induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (for example, in cell models treated with rotenone or glutamate) to assess bioenergetic and cristae-stability markers. The compound is also compared with other mitochondria-targeted molecules in comparative experiments. Specific combinations, amounts and concentrations depend on the research protocol; no doses for humans or animals are given.

Absolutely not. This product is sold exclusively for laboratory research and scientific experiments. It is not intended for human or animal consumption and is not a medicine, dietary supplement or cosmetic product.